ENGLISH WORDS

1)      

Slang is informal word that is used by social person. Slang words aren’t official, but they used on speaker’s realistic social life. Slang words are often used as a euphemism. The origin of the ‘slang’ is uncertain. It was connected with thieves’ cant, but it is unclear. Slang words are often known within ingroup and clique. But in other case, some slang words are considered as such by most speakers. For example, slang word ‘cool’ means ‘very good.’ and ‘impressive.’

 Loanword means a word is borrowed from other language. The word ‘loanword’ came from German word ‘lehnwort.’ Loanword is new word. So it is used by some people who know about that at first, but the new word become used by most speakers. For example, in old English period, Latin word ‘circul’ came into english, it became ‘circle.’

 A euphemism is a expression that don’t give negative feeling to listener. Generally, it is used on profanity words, sort of sexual words and taboo words. The word ‘euphemism’ comes from the Greek word ‘euphemia’, meaning ‘the use of words of good omen.’ For example, ‘lose a person’ means someone had died. The other is ‘candy.’ We think that this word is a kind of sweets. But on euphemism it means drug.

 Lastly, there is idiom. The idiom is expression and phase that has a featuring meaning that is used by most people popularly. This is separated from literal meaning. It has a special meaning. A idiom can be hard to translate other language. For example, ‘lay one’s cards on the table’ means to reveal one’s secret.

 

 

2)     The reasons that why euphemism and idioms is necessary.

The euphemism makes it possible to comfort listener’s mind. A literal way of expression can listener to uncomfortable. And, euphemism is for speakers, too. They don’t want to say words of kind of offensive and sensitive topics.

 Next is idiom. Idiom helps to make English a more colorful language. And idiom can having a strong and more certain meaning.

 

3)

 Slang – “Indian giver”; Indian giver is an expression used to describe a person who gives gift and later wants back. The term ‘indian giver’ was first citied in John Russell Bartlett’s Dictionary of Americanisms(1860) as ‘indian giver. When an Indian gives anything, he expects to receive an equivalent. ’ Thus it was really an exchange an exchange of gifts and not a matter of selflessness. It is unclear exactly how the expression came to be, but the consensus is that it is based on American Indians having a distinctly different sense of property ownership than people of European ancestry.  Ex) “Mark me, he’ll never take those bonds... he gave them to you and he ‘s not an Indian giver.”

 Loanword – “Mazel tov”; Mazel tov is English word of Yiddish origin. Its literal meaning is good destiny. This is a phrase used to express congratulations for a happy event. The expression comes from the mishnaic Hebrew mazzel, meaning ‘constellation’ the phrase ‘mazel tov’ is recorded as entering into English from Yiddish in 1862. It is used for a sort a happy situation. Another use is the end of bad experience. Ex) I heard you just got a promotion at work – mazel tov!

 Euphemism – “ Ethnic cleaning” – Ethnic cleaning is euphemism expression of genocide. It means purposeful policy designed by one ethnic group to remove other ethnic by violent way. The term itself appears by international media early in 1992. Ex) "The Croatian political and military leadership issued a statement Wednesday declaring that Serbia's 'aim is obviously the ethnic cleansing of the critical areas that are to be annexed to Serbia'."

 Idioms – “making ends meet” it means having enough money to live on. ‘Ends’ means money financial success. Tobias Smollett first recorded the saying in his novel ‘The Adventures of Roderick Random’ (1748). It has same meaning with ‘make both ands meet.’  Ex) Growing up, my family was poor, We often did not have enough to make ends meet.